Chapter 25 - Industrial processes and effluent treatment (76 pages)

1.Plant design - General
1.1.System organisation
1.2.Internal recycling
1.3.Specific pre-treatment
1.4.Primary treatment
1.5.Biological treatment
1.6.Tertiary treatment
1.7.Sludge treatment
1.8.Odors6
2.Agri-food industry
2.1.General
2.2.Pre-treatment
2.3.Biological treatment
2.4.Tertiary treatment
2.5.Sludge treatment
2.6.Odor control
2.7.Examples
3.Pulp and paper industry
3.1.Chemical and semi-chemical pulp production
3.1.1.Specific pre-treatment
3.1.2.Biological treatment
3.1.3.Tertiary treatment
3.1.4.Sludge treatment
3.1.5.Odor control
3.2.Paper and cardboard manufacturing
3.2.1.Internal treatment and recycling (short circuit)
3.2.2.Specific pre-treatments
3.2.3.Optimised final treatment process (water + sludge) including any recycling
4.The Petroleum industry
4.1.Production
4.1.1.Treatment of oilfield water
4.1.2.Processing seawater for the purpose of re-injection
4.2.Transport and ballast water
4.3.Refineries
4.3.1.Oily storm water
4.3.2.Process water
4.3.3.Typical refinery wastewater treatment designs
4.4.Sludge and waste
4.5.Spent sodium hydroxide
5.Power generation plants
5.1.Treatment of flue gas scrubber wastewaters (FGD - Flue gas desulphurisation plants)
5.1.1.FGD wastewater characteristics
5.1.2.The effluent treatment plant
5.2.Wastewater reuse for power plant make-up water
6.Chemical industry
6.1.General
6.2.Internal treatments or specific pre-treatments
6.3.Final treatment plant
6.4.Examples
7.Textile industry
7.1.Pre-treatment
7.2.Biological treatment
7.3.Tertiary treatment
7.4.Sludge treatment/odor control
7.5.Example: plant operated by the Association de la Haute Vallée de La Touyre - France
8.The steel industry
8.1.Open recirculating systems
8.1.1.Coke plants
8.1.2.Blast furnaces
8.1.3.Steel converters
8.1.4.Continuous casting and hot rolling
8.2.Specific effluent systems
8.2.1.Coke plant ammonia liquor
8.2.2.Water from an integrated cold rolling unit
9.Metallurgy and hydrometallurgy
9.1.Aluminum
9.1.1.Alumina production
9.1.2.Fluorinated water from alumina electrolysis
9.1.3.Effluent from the manufacture of prebaked anodes
9.1.4.Producing aluminium from recycled products
9.1.5.Aluminium castings and hot rolling
9.2.Zinc and lead
9.2.1.Roasted «zinc sulphide» effluents
9.2.2.General effluents
9.2.3.The lead metallurgy workshop
9.2.4.Lead produced by recycling car batteries
9.3.Copper
9.3.1.Pyrometallurgy
9.3.2.Hydrometallurgy
9.4.Hydrometallurgical processes in general
10.Surface treatment (degreasing and metal coating)
10.1.Recycling
10.1.1.Recycling rinse water through ion exchangers
10.1.2.Degreasing bath maintenance
10.2.Detoxification
10.3.Evaporation
10.4.Polishing treatments
10.4.1.Tertiary filtration
10.4.2.Polishing resins
11.Automotive and mechanical industries
11.1.Cutting fluid maintenance
11.2.Aqueous fluid destruction
11.2.1.Emulsions
11.2.2.Semi-synthetic fluids
11.2.3.Synthetic fluids
11.3.Phosphation
11.4.Paint booths
11.4.1.Cataphoresis painting
11.4.2.Finishing paints
12.Mining industry
12.1.Mine drainage water
12.2.Effluent generated by ore refining units
12.3.Post-mine management

Introduction

This chapter provides an industry-by-industry summary of treatment systems used to process wastewater subject to and often beyond statutory limitations when partial or even total recycling systems are used.