Chapter 24 - Treatment and conditioning of industrial water (48 pages)

1.Boiler water
1.1.Treating make-up water
1.1.1.Low and medium pressure boiler carbonate removal and softening units
1.1.2.Total demineralisation systems (medium and high pressure boilers)
1.1.3.Degasifier units
1.2.Boiler water conditioning
2.Condensates
2.1.High pressure condensates
2.1.1.Treatment
2.1.2.Conditioning
2.2.Low pressure condensates
2.2.1.Treatment
2.2.2.Conditioning
2.3.An example: water feed for the Tabriz NPC refinery
3.Process water, including ultrapure water
3.1.Paper mills
3.2.Agri-food industries
3.2.1.Breweries and carbonated drink manufacturing
3.2.2.Mineral water and spring water
3.2.3.Starch plants - Glucose plants
3.3.Textiles and dye houses
3.4.Ultra pure water used in semiconductor and pharmaceutical industries
3.4.1.Ultra pure water (UPW) treatment line for the semiconductor industry
3.4.2.Effluent treatment line for the semiconductor industry
3.4.3.Recycling - Reuse in the semiconductor industry
3.4.4.Water for pharmaceutical industries
4.Production of injection water for assisted oil recovery
5.Brine purification
5.1.Producing purified salt from raw rock salt
5.2.Make-up water for sodium hydroxide and chlorine electrolytic production systems
6.Cooling water
6.1.Protection against biological fouling and biological growth
6.1.1.Treatment of make-up water
6.1.2.Treatment systems
6.2.Protection against scaling and corrosion
6.2.1.The «natural balance» process
6.2.2.Processes involving scale inhibitors
6.2.3.Processes utilising corrosion inhibitors
6.2.4.Discharges
6.3.Process design of a cooling system
6.3.1.Basic data
6.3.2.Operational cost evaluations
6.4.Water conservation
6.4.1.Recycling evaporates from the agri-food industry
6.4.2.Example of wastewater recycling in refineries
6.5.Once-through cooling systems (single pass)
6.6.Cooling systems using seawater
6.6.1.Once-through systems
6.6.2.Open recirculating systems
6.7.Special case of closed systems
6.8.System preparation
6.9.Checks

Introduction

This chapter features the treatment lines and conditioning program used to obtain quality industrial process water from natural water and, occasionally, from drinking water; this industrial process water must be of an appropriate grade for supplying boilers, cooling and miscellaneous systems including those that meet the most stringent requirements such as found in semi-conductor industries and some pharmaceutical processes requiring contaminant-free ultra pure water.