Chapter 11. Biological processes (89 pages)

1.Suspended growth processes
1.1.General principles
1.2.Aeration systems
1.2.1.Effectiveness criteria and aeration system comparison
1.2.2.Pressurised air aeration
1.2.3.Submerged mechanical aerators
1.2.4.Surface aeration
1.2.5.Air generation
1.2.6.Summary of aeration system performances
1.3.Clarification
1.3.1.Clarifier functions
1.3.2.Clarifier design
1.3.3.Technological considerations
1.4.Activated sludge reactor: types and configurations
1.4.1.Reactor types
1.4.2.Main activated sludge configurations
1.5.Sequencing batch reactor process
1.5.1.General
1.5.2.Cyclor
1.6.Ultrafor membrane bioreactor
1.6.1.General presentation
1.6.2.Operating principle
1.6.3.Utilisation
1.6.4.Performances
1.7.Operating problems
1.7.1.Filamentous bulking
1.7.2.Foaming
1.7.3.Sludge rising
2.Attached growth processes
2.1.Trickling filters
2.1.1.Main characteristics
2.1.2.Applications and performances
2.2.Biological filters
2.2.1.General
2.2.2.The Biofor
2.3.Hybrid growths: Météor process
2.3.1.General presentation
2.3.2.Météor C
2.3.3.Météor N
2.3.4.Advantages and drawbacks
3.Standard compact units
3.1.Bio-S process
3.1.1.Operating principle (figure 45)
3.1.2.Description of the installation (photo 16)
3.1.3.Applications and advantages
3.2.S & P system
3.3.Rhizopur process
4.Reduced sludge production
4.1.General considerations
4.2.Biolysis E: reduced sludge production usin the enzymatic method
4.2.1.Principle
4.2.2.Design
4.2.3.Performances
4.3.Biolysis O: reduced sludge production using the chemical method
4.3.1.Principle
4.3.2.Design
4.3.3.Performances
5.Biological process design software: Ondeor

Introduction

The major principles and mechanisms governing the various biological treatments applicable to both drinking water and wastewater were described in chapter 4. Therefore, this chapter examines the processes and technologies applicable to these treatments.
Please also refer to chapter 23 for the systems combining these processes and technologies as part of the overall processing of urban wastewater.